Federalism+-+Texas+and+the+States+within+the+National+Governing+Landscape.+Part+Three+-+The+Stages+of+Federalism


 * Power Points**

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= Description =

In the previous section we reviewed how the United States Constitution sets in place a relationship between the state and national governments. Some mention was made of the fact that there's a degree of ambiguity in how those powers are defined in practices. Meanings have a tendency to change over time, so does the technological basis of the physical relationship between all levels of government. Travel and communication across great distances is easier now than it was in the past.

These have led to changes in the relationship between the states and the national government.

This section looks at the nature of these changes an does so by looking at how different students of federalism have analyzed them. There's no set rule in determining when - for example - the national government took more firm control of most aspects of commerce. Different people look at the issue in different ways. So we'll touch on a range of thoughts concerning the matter.

We'll conclude with thoughts about the current state of the relationship between the national and state governments and at prospects for the future.

= Goals =

- The key goal is to understand the factors that have led to changes in the relationship between the national and state governments over time. - Know how the doctrine of implied powers - and a loose interpretation of the U.S. Constitution - allows for an expansion of national power. - Have a general understanding of each of the major eras of federalism. What factors were unique to each? - Be able to describe how the major court cases outlined here impacted the relative roles of the national and state governments. - Be familiar with the factors that allowed the national government to slowly increase its regulatory powers over industry and how these were solidified in the New Deal. - Know why Texas was conflicted over the New Deal. - Understand why it matters what types of grants are being provided to the states by the national government in order to attain certain policy objectives. - Know the primary ways that opponents of nationally defined policy objectives have attempted to reign in national influence over public policy. - Know why Texas has been a big supporter of New Federalism. - Have an understanding of regulatory capture.

= Key Terms = - nationalization - implied powers - states rights - dual federalism - McCullough v Maryland - Gibons v. Odgen - John Marshall - Roger Taney - The United States National Bank - Nullification - Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions - Ordinance of Nullification - Scott v Sanford - Cooperative Federalism - The New Deal - NLRB v. Jones - Wickard n Filburn - Social Security Act - Categorial Grants - Block Grants - Formula Grants - Great Society - Civil Rights - Fiscal Federalism - Unfunded Mandates - New Federalism - Deregulation - Devolution - Privatization - regulatory capture